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| c. 327 |
| | | Helena, mother of the emperor Constantine, discovers in Jerusalem the cross on which Christ died - or so it is later claimed | |
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| 614 |
| | | Jerusalem falls to the Persian emperor Khosrau II after a siege of a month, and it is said that 60,000 Christians are massacred | |
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| 615 |
| | | When the Persians sack Jerusalem, they carry off to Ctesiphon Christianity's most sacred relic - the True Cross | |
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| 638 |
| | | The Arab capture of Jerusalem brings Palestine and Syria under Muslim control | |
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| 691 |
| | | The Dome of the Rock is completed as a Muslim shrine on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem | |
|  | Jerusalem, Dome of the Rock
Fotofile CG
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| 1095 |
| | | Pope Urban II preaches the first crusade, urging the Christians of Europe to march east to recover Jerusalem from the Muslims | |
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| 1099 |
| | | Crusaders capture the holy city of Jerusalem and massacre the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants | |
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| c. 1109 |
| | | The crusaders now rule the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the counties of Tripoli and Edessa | |
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| 1113 |
| | | The Knights of St John of Jerusalem become an established order under papal protection | |
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| 1120 |
| | | The Knights Templar are founded, to protect pilgrims from the Muslims on the journey to Jerusalem | |
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